Nkhani za kuseri kwa Mwezi: Momwe anthu aku China amakondwerera Chikondwerero cha Mid-Autumn

Monga satellite yachilengedwe ya dziko lapansi, mwezi ndi gawo lapakati pa miyambo ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yonse ya anthu. M'zikhalidwe zambiri zakale komanso zakale, mwezi unkadziwika ngati mulungu kapena zozizwitsa zina, pomwe kwa anthu aku China, pali chikondwerero chofunikira cha mwezi, Phwando la Mid-Autumn, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti chikondwerero cha mooncake.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Chikondwerero cha Mid-Autumn chakhala chikuwonedwa ndi achi China ngati chikondwerero chachiwiri chofunikira kwambiri pambuyo pa Chikondwerero cha Spring, pomwe achibale adzakumananso ndikusangalala ndi chiwonetsero cha mwezi wathunthu pamodzi, komanso kukondwerera kukolola. chakudya chosakhwima.

Malinga ndi kalendala yaku China yoyendera mwezi, Chikondwerero cha Mid-Autumn chimachitika pa tsiku la 15 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu, womwe ndi Seputembara 13 chaka chino. Chonde titsatireni ndikufufuza nkhani zakuseri kwa mwezi!

Nthano

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chikondwererochi ndi kulambira mwezi. Anthu ambiri a ku China amakula ndi nkhani ya Chang'e, mulungu wamkazi wa mwezi wa China. Ngakhale kuti chikondwererocho ndi nthawi yosangalatsa kwa banja, nkhani ya mulungu wamkaziyo si yosangalatsa kwambiri.

Pokhala kalekale, Chang’e ndi mwamuna wake, katswiri woponya mivi dzina lake Yi, anali ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri. Komabe, tsiku lina, dzuwa linatuluka kumwamba n’kutentha dziko lapansi, n’kupha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Yi anaponya pansi asanu ndi anayi a iwo, nasiya dzuŵa limodzi lokha kutumikira anthu, chotero iye anafupidwa ndi milungu ndi mankhwala a moyo wosakhoza kufa.

Posafuna kusangalala ndi moyo wosafa popanda mkazi wake, Yi adaganiza zobisa chimbudzicho. Komabe, tsiku lina, pamene Yi anali kupita kokasaka, wophunzira wakeyo anathyola m’nyumba mwake ndipo anakakamiza Chang’e kuti am’patse mankhwalawo. Pofuna kuti wakubayo asaupeze, Chang'e anamwa mankhwalawo m'malo mwake, ndipo anawulukira ku mwezi kukayamba moyo wake wosafa. Ngakhale anali atawonongedwa, chaka chilichonse, Yi amawonetsa zipatso ndi makeke omwe mkazi wake amakonda mwezi wathunthu, ndipo ndi momwe Phwando la Keke la Mwezi ku China linakhalira.

Ngakhale zachisoni, nkhani ya Chang’ e yalimbikitsa mibadwo ya Achitchaina, kuwasonyeza mikhalidwe imene makolo awo ankalambira kwambiri: kukhulupirika, kuwolowa manja ndi nsembe kaamba ka ubwino waukulu.

Chang' e atha kukhala munthu yekhayo wokhala pamwezi, koma ali ndi mnzake pang'ono, Jade Rabbit wotchuka. Malinga ndi nthano za ku China, kalulu ankakhala m’nkhalango limodzi ndi nyama zina. Tsiku lina, Mfumu ya Jade inadzibisa ngati munthu wokalamba, wanjala ndipo anapempha kalulu kuti adye. Pokhala wofooka komanso waung’ono, Kalulu sanathe kuthandiza nkhalambayo, m’malo mwake analumphira pamoto kuti munthuyo adye nyama yake.

Mosonkhezeredwa ndi kuoloŵa manja kumeneku, Mfumu ya Jade (mulungu woyamba m’nthano zachitchaina) inatumiza kalulu ku mwezi, ndipo kumeneko anakhala Kalulu wosakhoza kufa wa Jade. Kalulu wa Jade anapatsidwa ntchito yopangira mankhwala osakhoza kufa, ndipo nkhaniyo imati kalulu amatha kuwoneka akupanga elixir ndi pestle ndi matope pamwezi.

Mbiri

Zogwirizana ndi nthano zokongola, zikondwerero za Mid-Autumn Festival zinayamba zaka zoposa 2,000. Mawu oti "Mid-Autumn" adawonekera koyamba m'buku lakale la Zhou Li (Miyambo ya Zhou, yomwe imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane miyambo ya Zhou Dynasty). Kale, mafumu a ku China ankasankha usiku wa tsiku la 15 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu kuti achite mwambo wotamanda mwezi. Chikondwererochi chinatenga dzina lake chifukwa chakuti chimakondwerera pakati pa nthawi yophukira, komanso chifukwa pa nthawi ino ya chaka mwezi umakhala wozungulira kwambiri komanso wowala kwambiri.

Sizinali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Tang Dynasty (618-907) kuti tsikuli lidakondweretsedwa mwalamulo ngati chikondwerero chachikhalidwe. Inakhala chikondwerero chokhazikitsidwa pa nthawi ya Nyimbo ya Nyimbo (960-1279) ndipo idadziwika kwambiri kwazaka mazana angapo zotsatira, pomwe miyambo yambiri ndi zakudya zakumalo zidapangidwa kuti zikondwerere chikondwererochi.

Posachedwapa, boma la China lidalemba chikondwererochi ngati cholowa chachikhalidwe chosawoneka mu 2006, ndipo chidapangidwa kukhala tchuthi chapagulu mu 2008.

Zakudya

Chikondwererochi chimaonedwa kuti ndi nthawi yokolola komanso nthawi yosonkhanitsa banja pamodzi, Phwando la Mid-Autumn ndi lodziwika ndi makeke ozungulira, omwe amadziwika kuti mooncakes. Mwezi wathunthu ndi chizindikiro cha kukumananso kwa banja, pamene kudya ma mooncakes ndi kuyang'ana mwezi wathunthu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chikondwererocho.

Malinga ndi zolemba zakale zaku China, ma mooncakes poyamba ankaperekedwa monga nsembe ya mwezi. Mawu oti "mooncake" adawonekera koyamba ku Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), ndipo tsopano ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino patebulo la chakudya chamadzulo pa Mid-Autumn Festival.

Ngakhale kuti mooncakes ambiri amaoneka mofanana, kukoma kwake kumasiyana m’madera osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kumpoto kwa China, anthu amakonda kudzaza kasitadi wotsekemera ndi wandiweyani wokhala ndi dzira yolk, phala la nyemba zofiira kapena mtedza, pomwe kumadera akummwera, anthu amakonda kudzazidwa ndi nyama kapena nkhumba yowotcha. Ngakhale makeke akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kumpoto kwa China, nkhokweyo ndi yothina komanso yolimba, pamene ku Hong Kong, keke ya mooncake yosaphikidwa, yotchedwa snow skin mooncake, ndiyo yotchuka kwambiri.

Masiku ano, zopanga ndi malingaliro atsopano zawonjezeredwa ku mooncake wamba. Zakudya zina zakunja, monga Haggen-Dazs, zagwirizananso ndi opanga ma mooncake aku China kuti apange zokometsera zatsopano monga ayisikilimu ya vanila, kapena chokoleti chokhala ndi mabulosi akukuda. Keke zachikhalidwe zikusangalala ndi moyo watsopano.

Kupatula ma mooncakes, pali zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamaphwando ku China. Ku Suzhou, m’chigawo cha Jiangsu, anthu amakonda kudya nkhanu zaubweya zoviikidwa mu vinyo wosasa ndi ginger, pamene ku Nanjing, m’chigawo cha Jiangsu, bakha wothira mchere ndi chakudya chotchuka kwambiri paphwando.

Gwero: People's Daily Online