Izinkinga ezivamile zamakhethini odonga lwamakhethini

Mayelana nesakhiwo sodonga lwamakhethini kanye neqiniso lokuthi luhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene, ukuthi luxhunywe esakhiweni esikhulu sesakhiwo esinobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kunalo, ukuthi lumelana nayo yonke imithwalo evezwe kuyo futhi luyidlulisele ezakhiweni eziyinhloko ezisekelayo. nokuthi ingakwazi ukusekela ukuhlukumeza kanye nokugudluzwa kwesakhiwo esithwalayo esiyinhloko, kuyacaca ukuthi kunezinkinga eziningi kanye nezinhlobo zomonakalo ezingaba khona izici zezindonga zamakhethini ekusetshenzisweni. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, umonakalo nezinkinga ezivame kakhulu yilezi: ukungena kwamanzi ngenxa yokuvala uphawu okwanele, ukufiphala kanye nenkungu ngenxa yamabhuloho ashisayo angakhiwe ngendlela efanele, umsindo omkhulu ngenxa yokungavimbeli umsindo okwanele, ukukhanya okubenyezelayo ngenxa yokulawula ukukhanya okunganele, ukuphuka kwengilazi ngenxa yokungakhethi kahle, umthelela ophansi wokumelana, ngenxa yokugudluzwa okungavumelanisiwe kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko nesingaphambili, ukuwa kwezingxenye ze-facade ngenxa yokungaxhunywanga ngokwanele noma ngenxa yokulimala kwezingxenye zodonga lwamakhethini, ukugqwala ngenxa yokuvikelwa okunganele, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho izinkinga eziqondile futhi ezitholakala kalula, umuntu kufanele anake izici ezithile ezihlobene nezimbangela zokuvela komonakalo okukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili, ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwezindonga zamakhethini kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-bearing main kanye nesakhiwo se-facade. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhuphuka kwama-ductile, amafreyimu ahlakazekile kulethe ukwanda kokugudluzwa kanye nokugudluzwa kwesakhiwo nezinto zaso uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zamatshe ezithwele umthwalo ezaziwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Ukususwa kwesici sezindonga zamakhethini kungahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu: ukugudluka okuqondile, ukugudluzwa okuhlangothini endizeni yodonga olungaphambili lwe-facade kanye nokugudluzwa kwezinhlangothi okuncike odongeni lwe-facade. Emabhilidini odonga lwamakhethini angaleso sikhathi lapho ububanzi obuphakathi kwezinto ezithwalayo bukhuphuka, umphumela uwukwanda okukhulu kokuchezuka okudingeka kuqiniswe isakhiwo se-facade. Amanani aphezulu okuchezuka okuvumelekile kwe-span anikezwa emithethweni eminingi, futhi amanani anconyiwe ayafana. Uma udonga lwamakhethini lungakwazi ukusekela ukugudluzwa kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko ubuqotho busengozini. Ukulimala kungaba namafomu namadigri ahlukahlukene, ukusuka emonakalweni wobuhle kuya ekuqhekekeni kwengilazi kanye nokwehluleka kwezinto ezisekela i-facade nokuxhumana kwazo. Ngenxa yokugudluzwa kwezinhlangothi okubangelwa amandla avundlile, amaphaneli angagcwalisi avame ukungqubuzana, ikakhulukazi emakhoneni ezakhiwo, futhi alimale, lapho amakhona amaphaneli okufakwayo ephuka, aqhekeke noma abhidlike ngokuphelele. Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi uma kwenzeka izindonga zamakhethini engilazi, ingilazi iyinto evame kakhulu yokugcwalisa, futhi i-brittle, ngakho ayikwazi ukusekela ukuphambuka okuphezulu njengesakhiwo esiyinhloko esisekelayo, futhi lapho ukwehluleka kufika khona kungazelelwe. Ikakhulukazi engozini yokufuduka okunjalo kukhona amakhona esakhiwo lapho ingilazi ihlanganiswe ngaphandle kohlaka olusekelayo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, uma ukugudluzwa kwesistimu eyisisekelo esekela isakhiwo kungavumelani nokugudluzwa lapho udonga lwamakhethini lungasekela, kwenzeka umonakalo. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokuklama, lapho ukususwa kwesistimu enkulu yokwesekwa kwesakhiwo kwaziwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo kufanele kube ukuhlaziywa kodonga lwamakhethini ngenxa yawo wonke umthelela oluvezwa kuwo.