Mwa kutanthauzira,khoma lotchingaimawonedwa ngati msonkhano wodziyimira pawokha m'nyumba zapamwamba, zokhala ndi zigawo zodzidalira zomwe sizimangirira nyumbayo. Njira yotchinga yotchinga ndi chophimba chakunja cha nyumba yomwe makoma akunja sakhala omangika, koma amangoteteza nyengo komanso okhalamo.
M'mbiri, kalembedwe ka khoma lotchinga kumatanthawuza nyumba zapakati pa 20th Century zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira khoma akunja omwe amapachikidwa pamafelemu awo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa teknoloji yotereyi kunayambira mu 1918 Hallidie Building ku San Francisco, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiyo nyumba yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Frameless galasi nsalu yotchinga khomamu zomangamanga. Komabe, sizinali mpaka pambuyo pa WWII pamene kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zomangamanga kunalola kuti machitidwewa afalikire. Kupatula apo, chitsanzo chachikulu choyamba cha kalembedwe kameneka chinali Equitable Savings & Loan Building ku Portland, Oregon yomangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga Pietro Belluschi mu 1948. Monga nyumba yoyamba yapadziko lonse yokhala ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, nyumba yowoneka bwino ya nsanjika 12 inakhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzekera. ma skyscrapers ambiri a pambuyo pa WWII ndi nyumba zazing'ono zamaofesi. Ndipo makina otchinga khoma amakhala ndi gululi wobwerezabwereza wa mamilioni a aluminiyamu otuluka ndi njanji yopingasa.
Makina otchinga khoma amapangidwa ndi mamembala a aluminiyamu otuluka, ngakhale makoma otchinga oyamba anali opangidwa ndi chitsulo. Chojambula cha aluminiyamu chimakhala chodzaza ndi galasi, yomwe imapereka nyumba yokongola, komanso ubwino monga kuwala kwa masana. Zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi: zopangira miyala, mapanelo azitsulo, malo ochezera, ndi mazenera otsegulira kapena mazenera. Makamaka pamene galasi imagwiritsidwa ntchitokumanga khoma lotchinga, ubwino waukulu ndi wakuti kuwala kwachilengedwe kumatha kulowa mkati mwa nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza apo, malo owonera nyumbayo amalola kufalikira kwa kuwala ndipo madera a spandrel pakati pa mazenera amapangidwa kuti abise kapangidwe ka mtengo womanga ndi zinthu zina zamakina. Ngakhale kuti dera la spandrel ndi losawoneka bwino, anthu omangamanga nthawi zonse amapeza njira zosangalatsa zothanirana ndi kukongola popangitsa kuti malo a spandrel atchuke (mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa mtundu wa facade, kusintha kwa zinthu monga granite) kapena kusakanikirana mochenjera ngati galasi lagalasi lonse. zikawonedwa kuchokera kunja.
Titumizireni uthenga wanu:
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2023
